My Publications

This list of publications is presented in the following sections:

Journal Articles in English
Books and Reports in English
Articles in Books and Reports
Norwegian Books and Reports
Norwegian Articles in Books and Reports
Norwegian Compendiums and Course Material
Norwegian Articles in Journals and Books
Publications in Danish
Publications Translated to Portuguese
Publications Translated to Spanish
Publications Translated to Italian
Publications Translated to German
Publications Translated to Estonian

Many of my printed publications are listed in the literature database at the International Centre for Distance Learning (ICDL), at the Open University, UK.

Journal Articles in English

Paulsen, M. F. 2009. Resting in e-learning peace. IJNVO Vol 6, No 5.

Dalsgaard, C. and M. F. Paulsen 2009, Transparency in Cooperative Online Education, IRRODL Vol 10, No 3.

Paulsen, M. F. 2009. Successful E-learning in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. EURODL, 2009/I

Paulsen, M.F.  and Rekkedal, T. 2008. The Role of Mobile Learning in Denmark. In: Carvalho, J. et al. The Role of Mobile Learning in Europe Today. pp. 50-58.

Paulsen, M. F. 2008. Cooperative Online Education. Seminar.net, Vol. 4, No. 2. I made this video to present the article.

Slaatto, T. and M. F. Paulsen. 2006. Learning partner - opportunities for cooperation in distance learning. elearningeuropa.

Paulsen, M. F. 2004. Book Review - Theory and Practice of Online Learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. Volume 5, Number 3.

Paulsen, M. F. 2004. Online Education. Public Services Review: Nordic States.

Paulsen, M. F. 2004. E-learning in the North for the Online Educa newsletter.

Paulsen, M. F. 2004. Cooperative Freedom: An Online Education Theory. SVERD's jubileumsskrift, October 2004.

Paulsen, M. F. 2003. Experiences with Learning Management Systems in 113 European Institutions. Educational Technology & Society. 6(4):134-148.

Paulsen, M. F. 2003. Globalskolen: A Global Primary School. Skoleavisa Globalnytt. March 20, 2003.

Paulsen, M. F. 2002. Online Education Systems in Scandinavian and Australian Universities: A Comparative Study. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. Volume 3, Number 2.

Paulsen, M. F. 2002. An Analysis of Online Education and Learning Management Systems in the Nordic Countries.Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, Volume V, Number III, Fall 2002.

Paulsen, M. F. 2002. The Swedish Problems. A statement presented in the final panel discussion at Netlearning2002 in Ronneby. Per Distans 2002(4):19.

Paulsen, M. F. and T. Rekkedal. 2001. The NKI Internet College: A Review of 15 Years Delivery of 10,000 Online Courses. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. Volume 1, Number 2.

Paulsen. M. F. 2001. Strategic Recommendations to Online Educators and Policy Makers. Intervir, Vol2. No1.

Paulsen, M. F. 2000. The Online Teaching System. Istruzione a distanza e formazione in rete. Anno XII, 16, Aprile 2000: 22-38. Italia.

Paulsen, M. F. 2000. Letter to the Editor. Newsweek, June 5, 2000.

Paulsen, M. F. 1998. The Online Teaching System. DEOSNEWS 8(7).

Paulsen, M. F. 1998. The Internet and WorldWide Web - evaluation and experiences: pedagogical, economical and organisational issues. Epistolodidaktika, the European Journal of Distance Education, 1998(1):34-41.

Paulsen, M. F. 1994. NORWAVES and NORWEAVE: Two free E-mail services for friends of Norway. The Norseman, 1994(6):9.

Paulsen, M. F. 1993. DEOS. The Distance Education Online Symposium. IT & Utdanning, 1(1):32-33.

Paulsen, M. F. 1993. The Hexagon of Cooperative Freedom: A Distance Education Theory Attuned to Computer Conferencing. DEOSNEWS 3(2).

Paulsen, M. F., T. Rekkedal and M. Søby. 1992. Distance Education in Norway. DEOSNEWS 2(19)

Paulsen, M. F. 1992. The NKI Electronic College: Five years of computer conferencing in distance education. DEOSNEWS 2(9).

Paulsen, M. F. 1992. Innovative uses of computer conferencing. Telecommunications in Education News, 3(3):4-5.

Paulsen, M. F. 1992. Recommended reading. CAUSE/EFFECT, 15(2):53-55.

Paulsen, M. F. 1991. The ICDL Database for Distance education. The American Journal of Distance Education, 5(2):69-72.

Paulsen, M. F. 1991. The Electronic University: Computer Conferencing in Mass Education. DEOSNEWS 1(20).

Paulsen, M. F. 1991. Innovative Computer Conferencing Courses. DEOSNEWS 1(14).

Paulsen, M. F. 1991. Computer-Mediated Communication and Distance Education around the World. DEOSNEWS 1(10).

Paulsen, M. F. 1991. Bibliography on Computer Mediated Communication in Distance Education. DEOSNEWS 1(6).

Paulsen, M. F. 1991. The ICDL Database for Distance Education. DEOSNEWS 1(5).

Paulsen, M. F. 1991. GO MEEC! A Goal Oriented Method for Establishment of an Electronic College. DEOSNEWS 1(2).

Paulsen, M. F. and P. W. Pinder. 1990. Workshop Report. Research in Distance Education: Setting a Global Agenda for the Nineties. The American Journal of Distance Education, 4(3):83-84.

Rekkedal, T. and M. F. Paulsen. 1989. Computer conferencing in distance education: Status and trends. European Journal of Education, 24(1):61-72.

Paulsen, M. F. and T. Rekkedal. 1989. Experiences with the EKKO computer-conferencing system at NKI. Epistolodidaktika, the European Journal of Distance Education, 1989(1):66-76.

Paulsen, M. F. 1987/1988. In search of a virtual school. T.H.E. Journal, (Dec./Jan.):71-76.

Books and Reports in English

Paulsen, M. F. (Ed.) 2007. Megaproviders of e-learning in Europe. Bekkestua, NKI. (209 pages)

Paulsen, M. F. and V. Vieira (Eds.) 2006. State of the Art Report: E-learning Quality in European SMEs - an Analysis of E-learning Experiences in European Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Bekkestua, NKI. (161 pages, pdf-format)

Paulsen, M. F. 2003. Online Education and Learning Management Systems. Global E-learning in a Scandinavian Perspective. Bekkestua: NKI Forlaget.

Paulsen, M. F. 2003. E-learning - The State of the Art. Bekkestua: NKI.

Paulsen, M. F. and T. Fagerberg. 2003. Student Support Systems for Online Education. Bekkestua: NKI.

Paulsen et al. 2002. Web-Education Systems in Europe. Zentrales Institut für Fernstudienforschung, FernUniversität, Hagen. Pages: 166.

Paulsen, M. F. 2000. Online Education, An International Analysis of Web-based Education and Strategic Recommendations for Decision Makers, NKI. Pages: 137.

Paulsen, M. F. 1998. Teaching Techniques for Computer-mediated Communication, Ann Arbor, Mi, UMI Dissertation Services. Pages: 297.

Rekkedal, T. and M. F. Paulsen. 1997. The Third Generation NKI Electronic College - A Survey on Student Experiences and Attitudes Oslo: NKI.

Paulsen, M. F. 1997. Teaching Methods and Techniques for Computer-Mediated Communication Oslo: NKI.

Paulsen, M. F. 1995. The Online Report on Pedagogical Techniques for Computer-mediated Communication Oslo: NKI. Pages: 55.

Paulsen, M. F. 1992. From Bulletin Boards to Electronic Universities: Distance Education, Computer-mediated Communication, and Online Education. 1992. University Park, Pennsylvania: The American Center for the Study of Distance Education. Pages: 67.

Paulsen, M. F. and T. Rekkedal. 1990. The Electronic College: Selected Articles from the EKKO project. Bekkestua, Norway: NKI Forlaget. Pages: 131.

Bergsmark, S., M. F. Paulsen, C. Lied, and U. Motzfelt. 1981. DIM 2001 CPU Module: OEM User's Manual. Oslo: Mycron. pages: 70.
Megaproviders of e-learning in Europe
E-learning quality in European SMEs
Online education and learning management systems
Online Education, An International Analysis of Web-based Education and Strategic Recommendations for Decision Makers

Articles in Books and Reports

Paulsen, M. F. 2009. Tools and Instruments Supporting Cooperative Freedom in Virtual Learning Environments. In Bernath, U. Bernath, U., Szücs, A., Tait, A., and Vidal, M. (Eds.). Distance and E-learning in Transition - Learning Innovation, Technology and Social Challenges. Wiley.

Abstract: Adult students often seek individual flexibility and freedom. At the same time, many need or prefer group collaboration and social unity. These aims are difficult to combine. There is a tension between the urge for individual independence and the necessity to contribute in a collective learning community. Thus, cooperative learning seeks to develop virtual learning environments that allow students to have optimal individual freedom within online learning communities. The pedagogical and administrative challenges with regard to accommodating both individual freedom and cooperation are explained in the author's Theory of Cooperative Freedom [PAU 03] and made more specific in this paper. It shows that cooperative learning can be achieved through a set of instruments or means. The paper presents some of these means. To illustrate this with practical examples, the paper presents NKI Distance Education's visions and experiences with cooperative learning.

Paulsen, M. F. 2009. An Analysis of European Megaproviders of E-Learning: Recommendations for Robustness and Sustainability. In Stannsfield, M. and Connolly, T. (Eds.) Institutional Transformation through Best Practices in Virtual Campus Development: Advancing E-learning Policies. Page 127-146. Hershey, Pennsylvania: Idea Group Inc (IGI).

Abstract: This chapter presents an analysis of 26 European megaproviders of e-learning which had more than 100 courses or 5000 course enrolments in 2005. The focus is on distance education provision, not on e-learning for on-campus students. Among the megaproviders, which represent eleven countries, there are 8 distance education institutions, 13 universities and university consortia, and 5 corporate training providers. Five institutions started e-learning in the eighties, ten in the nineties and eleven after the turn of the century. The largest provider, Learn Direct, claimed to have 400 000 course enrolments in 2005. However, only six of the 26 reported to have more than 20 000 course enrolments. Among these six top ranked institutions there are none universities, only corporate training providers and distance education institutions. The chapter concludes with the 27 recommendations extracted from the analyses to help institutions obtain robustness and sustainability in online education.

Paulsen, M. F. 2007. COGs, CLIPs and Other Instruments to Support Cooperative Learning in Virtual Learning Environments. In Bernath, U., Sangrá, A. (Eds.) Research and E-Learning: Selected Papers from the 4th EDEN Research Workshop in Castelldefels, Spain 25-28 October, 2006. Volume 13 of the ASF Series on Distance education.

Paulsen, M. F., T. Fagerberg and T. Rekkedal 2003. Student support systems for online education available in NKI's integrated systems for internet based e-learning. In Rekkedal, T. et al. 2003. The role of student support services in e-learning. Page 88-98. Zentrales Institut für Fernstudienforschung, FernUniversität, Hagen.

Paulsen, M. F. 1995. An Overview of CMC and the Online Classroom in Distance Education. In Computer Mediated Communication and the Online Classroom, Volume III: Distance Learning, eds. Z. L. Berge and M. P. Collins. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press.

Paulsen, M. F. 1995. Moderating Educational Computer Conferencing. In Computer Mediated Communication and the Online Classroom, Volume III: Distance Learning, eds. Z. L. Berge and M. P. Collins. Cresskill, New Jersey: Hampton Press.

Paulsen, M. F. 1994. Some pedagogical techniques for computer-mediated communication. In Collaborative Dialogue Technologies in Distance Learning, eds. M. F. Verdejo and S. A. Cerri. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Paulsen, M. F., B. Barros, P. Busch, B. Compostela, and M. Quesnel. 1994. A pedagogical framework for CMC programs. In Collaborative Dialogue Technologies in Distance Learning, eds. M. F. Verdejo and S. A. Cerri. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Paulsen, M. F. 1992. A goal-oriented method for establishing an electronic college. In Impact of Informatics on the Organization of Education, eds B. Samways and T.J. van Weert, 113- 118. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Paulsen, M. F. 1990. EKKO: experiences. In Media and technology in European distance education, ed. A. W. Bates, 235-39. Milton Keynes: Open University for the EADTU.

Paulsen, M. F. 1990. The Seven Entities of Computer Conferencing. An Electronic College Approach. I Datakonferanser og Fjernundervisning, ed. Paulsen, M. F. and M. Søby. Oslo: The Norwegian Centre for Distance Education.:125-138.

Paulsen, M. F. 1989. EKKO: A virtual school. In Mindweave: Communication, Computers, and Distance Education, eds. R. Mason and A. Kaye, 201-7. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Mine norske bøker og rapporter



Paulsen, M. F. 2007. Kooperativ frihet som ledestjerne i nettbasert utdanning. NKI Forlaget. Sider: 74.Boken er gratis tilgjengelig på nettet.

Paulsen, M.F. og A. Dye. 2004. Evaluering av Nettskolen Høsten 2003.
Paulsen, M. F. 2002. Nettbasert Utdanning - Erfaringer og Visjoner. København: Gyldendal. Sider: 232.

Paulsen, M. F. 2001. Nettbasert Utdanning - Erfaringer og Visjoner. Bekkestua: NKI Forlaget. Sider: 245.
Del 1: Status og utviklingslinjer for nettbasert utdanning i år 2000
Del 2: Nettstudentene
Del 3: Utvikling og undervisning av nettkurs
Del 4: Administrative utfordringer
Del 5: Globalisering og fremtidsutsikter for nettbasert utdanning
ISBN: 82-562-5290-1

Lorentsen, A., G. Grepperud, S. Lieberg og M. F. Paulsen. 1998. En ekstern evaluering av et SOFF-støttet fjernundervisningsprosjekt, SOFF Rapportserie, nr. 2, 1998.

Paulsen, M. F. 1997. Ti år med NKI elektroniske høgskole

Paulsen, M. F. og M. Søby (red), 1990. Datakonferanser og Fjernundervisning. Oslo: The Norwegian Centre for Distance Education. Sider: 240.

Paulsen, M. F. and T. Rekkedal. 1990. Den Elektroniske Høgskolen: EKKO Prosjektet, Del III. Bekkestua: NKI Forlaget. Sider: 118.

Paulsen, M. F. 1989. En Virtuell Skole: Del I, Fundamentet i EKKO-prosjektet. Bekkestua: NKI Forlaget. Sider: 80.

Paulsen, M. F. 1989. En Virtuell Skole: Del II, Erfaringer fra EKKO-prosjektet. Bekkestua: NKI Forlaget. Sider: 149.

Paulsen, M. F. 1980. Hovedoppgave: Ko-prosessering for Mikroprosessor. Trondheim: NTH.

Kooperativ frihet
Nettbasert utdanning
Nettbasert utdanning
nek.gif


Artikler i bøker og rapporter

Paulsen, M. F. 2003. Europeiske synspunkter på LMS-systemer. I Dialog og nærhet - IKT og undervisning, red. Nordkvelle, Y. T., Haugsbakk, G., og Fritze, Y.(red.). Oslo: Høyskoleforlaget.

Paulsen, M. F. 2001. NKI Nettskolen - Refleksjoner etter 10 000 kursinnmeldinger og 15 års fjernundervisning på nettet. I Læring gjennom økonomi, system og prosjekt, red. P. Gottschalk og Anne Welle-Strand. Oslo: NKI Forlaget. 366-376.

Paulsen, M. F 1996. Web-editorer og andre verktøy. I Bli sett på Internett, red. O. Rudejord. 79-91. Oslo: TI-forlaget.

Paulsen, M. F. og M. Søby, 1991. Datamaskinbasert kommunikasjon. I Fjernundervisning - Læring Uten Grenser, red. Rekkedal, T. et al., 150-156. Bekkestua: NKI Forlaget.

Paulsen, M. F. 1990. Norsk åpent universitet: Et scenario. I Datakonferanser og Fjernundervisning, red. Paulsen, M. F. og M. Søby. Oslo: The Norwegian Centre for Distance Education.:46-47.

Paulsen, M. F. 1990. Konferansesystemet EKKO. I Datakonferanser og Fjernundervisning, red. 

Paulsen, M. F. og M. Søby. Oslo: The Norwegian Centre for Distance Education.:146-149.

Kompendier og kursmateriell

Paulsen, M. F. 1996. Internett og Uninett i praksis. Studieveiledning, kommentarer og oppgaver. Bekkestua: NKI Fjernundervisningen.

Paulsen, M. F. 1995. English on the Internet. Studieveiledning, kommentarer og oppgaver. Bekkestua. NKI Fjernundervisningen.

Paulsen, M. F. 1995. Tekstbehandling, regneark og databaseverktøy. Studieveiledning, kommentarer og databaseverktøy. Bekkestua: NKI Fjernundervisningen.

Paulsen, M. F. 1995. World Wide Web-presentasjoner. Studieveiledning, kommentarer og oppgaver. Bekkestua: NKI Fjernundervisningen.

Paulsen, M. F. 1986. Introduksjonshefte til Datahøgskolens Mikromaskiner. Oslo: Datahøgskolen. sider: 24.

Paulsen, M. F. 1985. Programvare for Mikromaskiner. Oslo: Datahøgskolen. sider: 40.

Paulsen, M. F. 1982. Mikrodatamaskinen: Praktiske Øvelser med 6502 assembler. Stabekk: NKI-forlaget.
Publikasjoner på norsk
datatid1.jpgconnected.jpgdatatid2.jpgpc-kommunikasjon.jpg

Klikk her for å få en liste over mine bøker og rapporter som er tilghengelige via BIBSYS-bibliotekene.

Artikler i tidsskrifter og bøker


Moe, C. R., W. Halvorsen og M. F. Paulsen 2009. Tusen NKI-studenter viser ansikt. I Haugen H. Læringsmiljø på nett - erfaringer fra forsøk og prosjekt. Trondheim: Tapir Akademisk Forlag.


Paulsen, M. F. 2004. Utfordringer i dansk nettbasert utdanning. Artikkel i Insights@CBS, forskningsbulletin ved Copenhagen Business School.

Paulsen, M. F. 2003. Erfaringer fra EU-prosjekter. Forskning nr 2-2003.

Paulsen, M. F. 2001. 10 gode råd om e-læring. Personal nr. 7, 2001.

Paulsen, M. F. 2000. Utdanningen i IT for lærere ved norske høgskoler. Norsk skoleblad, Nr. 5, 2000.

Paulsen, M. F. 2000. Internett er fjernundervisningens fremtid. Økonomiske Vinterleker 2000: 30-31.

Paulsen, M. F. 1999. Nettskoler - det nye elektroniske universitet. Kronikk i Aftenposten (05.01.99)

Paulsen, M. F. 1999. Studiemuligheter på nettet. Kronikk i Computerworld Norge (15.03.99)

Paulsen, M. F. 1999. Nettpedagogikk - undervisning på internett, Kronikk i Computerworld Norge (17.03.99)

Paulsen, M. F. 1999. Nettlærerens mareritt. Computerworld Norge (20.10.99)

Rekkedal, P. og Paulsen, M. F. 1999. Voksne kan og vil lære på internett. Computerworld Norge (14.10.99)

Paulsen, M. F. 1998. Nettskoler. CV nr. 2 1998.

Paulsen, M. F. 1997. Skolene på Internett. Internettguiden nr. 7, 1997.

Paulsen, M. F. 1994. DEOS - The Distance Education Online Symposium. Nytt om fjernundervisning. Informasjon fra SEFU, 1994(3):3.

Paulsen, M. F. 1994. ANDREA - informasjon om fjernundervisning i Europa. Nytt om fjernundervisning. Informasjon fra SEFU, 1994(3):3.

Paulsen, M. F. 1993. DEOS - The Distance Education Online Symposium. Uninytt nr. 1 1993.

Paulsen, M. F. 1989. Det elektroniske universitet kjenner ingen grenser. Datatid, 11(1):40-42.

Paulsen, M. F. 1989. Den elektroniske høgskolen. Datatid, 11(2):60-67.

Johnsen, B. and M. F. Paulsen. 1989. Datateknologi i fjernundervisning - voksenopplæring uten grenser. Nytt om Data i Skolen, 1989(1):3-7.

Paulsen, M. F. 1989. Elektronisk fjernundervisning. DND-nytt, 5(5):24-25.

Paulsen, M. F. 1988. Deltidsstudier i New York - via PC. PC World Norge, 1988(4):62-64.

Paulsen, M. F. 1987. Datahøgskolens konferansesystem. PC World Norge, 1987(4):32-34.

Paulsen, M. F. 1987. Virtuelle skoler. PC World Norge, 1987(6):30-32.

Paulsen, M. F. 1987. KILDEN - et konferansesystem for DND? DND-Nytt, 3(5):16-17.

Paulsen, M. F. 1987. KILDEN: Et scenario om konferansesystemer. DATA 1987(3):62-63.

Paulsen, M. F. 1987. På leting etter en virtuell skole. DATA-Norge 3(5):38-48.

Paulsen, M. F. 1986. Hos IBM i Boca Raton. PC mikrodata, 1986(10):42-44.

Paulsen, M. F. 1985. Edb-opplæring i Norge. Norsk Programvare Index 1985(2):37-38.

Paulsen, M. F. 1985. Tall blir bilder. PC World Norge, 1985(1):35-37.

Publikasjoner på dansk

Paulsen, M. F. 2002. Nettbasert utdanning - erfaringer og visjoner. Gyldendal. Danmark.

Paulsen, M. F. 1997. Elektronisk Kommunikation (CMC) Pædagogik og Metoder. Danmark

Publications translated to Portuguese

CECOA (Edição) 2007. Relatório do Estado da Arte: Qualidade do E-learning para PMEs Europeias - uma Análise de Experiências de E-Learning em Pequenas e Médias Empresas. Lisboa, CECOA. (81 pages, pdf-format)

Paulsen, M. F. 2006. COGs, CLIPs e outros instrumentos de apoio à aprendizagem cooperativa realizada em ambientes virtuais.

Paulsen, M. F. 2002. Sistemas de Educação Online: Discussão de Termos. In Keegan, D.; Dias, A.; Baptista, C.; Olsen, G.; Fritsch, H.; Föllmer, H.; Micincova, M.; Paulsen, M. F.; Dias, P. & Pimenta, P. E-learning. O Papel dos Sistemas de Gestão da Aprendizagem na Europa. Inofor, Portugal.

Paulsen, M. F. 2002. Sistemas de Gestão da Aprendizagem nos Países Nórdicos. In Keegan, D.; Dias, A.; Baptista, C.; Olsen, G.; Fritsch, H.; Föllmer, H.; Micincova, M.; Paulsen, M. F.; Dias, P. & Pimenta, P. E-learning. O Papel dos Sistemas de Gestão da Aprendizagem na Europa. Inofor, Portugal.

Paulsen, M. F. 2002. Experiências Europeias com Sistemas de Gestão da Aprendizagem. In Keegan, D.; Dias, A.; Baptista, C.; Olsen, G.; Fritsch, H.; Föllmer, H.; Micincova, M.; Paulsen, M. F.; Dias, P. & Pimenta, P. E-learning. O Papel dos Sistemas de Gestão da Aprendizagem na Europa. Inofor, Portugal.

Paulsen, M. F. 2001. Recomendações estratégicas a Formadores Online e a Decisores Políticos. Intervir, 12-2001. Portugal.

Publications translated to Spanish

Learning Review España No 5, 2009. La educación online exitosa debe ser robusta y sustentable. The interview is also available in English.

Paulsen, M. F. 2003. Un Análisis Internacional de la Educación Basada en la Web y Recomendaciones Estratégicas para el Desarrollo Futoro de la Enseñanza en Línea. In Barajas, M. (Coor.) La Technología Educativa en la Enseñanza Superior: Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje. 203-208. Madrid: McGraw-Hill.

Publications translated to Italian

Paulsen, M. F. 2000. Il sistema di insegnamento in linea. Istruzione a distanza e formazione in rete. Anno XII, 16, Aprile 2000: 22-38. Italia.

Publications translated to German

f-bb 2007. Eine Analyse von E-Learning in europäischen Klein- und Mittelbetrieben. Nürnberg, f-bb (28 pages, pdf-format)

A transcribed abstract of my Online Report on Pedagogical Techniques for Computer-Mediated Communication is available in German.

Publications translated to Estonian

Tartu Ülikool 2007. Hetkeolukorra kirjeldus: e-õppe kvaliteet Euroopa VKE-des e-õppe kogemuse analüüs Euroopa väikese ja keskmise suurusega ettevõtetes (162 pages, pdf-format)